Hubungan Rusia-Ukraine Pasca Keruntuhan Kesatuan Soviet: Dari Perselisihan Kecil Ke Kancah Perang
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Abstract
Abstrak: Selepas tamatnya Perang Dingin dan Kesatuan Soviet dibubarkan pada tahun 1991, Ukraine dan Rusia menjalinkan kerjasama yang baik dari pelbagai aspek, walaupun terdapat beberapa pergeseran dalam isu domestik. Ukraine mengambil pendekatan berkecuali dalam menjalankan pentadbirannya kerana Ukraine memerlukan kerjasama daripada pelbagai pihak termasuk Rusia dan Barat. Namun, semuanya berubah apabila Ukraine menyatakan hasrat untuk menganggotai NATO pada tahun 2008. Hasrat itu diterima baik oleh NATO, sebaliknya ditentang oleh Rusia sehingga mencetuskan konflik berlarutan dengan Ukraine, termasuk pengambilalihan Crimea dan pendudukan di Donbass. Kajian ini bertujuan untuk menghuraikan perkembangan konflik yang berlaku antara Rusia dan Ukraine dan untuk mengenalpasti faktor pencetus konflik diantara kedua-dua negara. Kaedah perpustakaan digunakan untuk mengumpulkan maklumat sekunder daripada buku, jurnal, laporan, akhbar dan sumber internet yang berintegriti. Hasil kajian mendapati tindakan Rusia menyerang Ukraine disebabkan untuk memastikan survival dan keselamatan kedaulatannya daripada ancaman kuasa besar seperti AS dan NATO yang semakin hampir di rantau Eropah Timur. Kajian ini juga mendapati terdapat dua faktor yang mencetuskan berlakunya konflik Rusia dan Ukraine, iaitu dalaman dan luaran. Faktor luaran seperti peluasan kuasa dan pengaruh Amerika Syarikat, Kesatuan Eropah, NATO yang menghampiri sempadan Rusia dan kuasa geoekonomi Rusia di luar negara adalah memainkan peranan dalam mencetuskan konflik tersebut. Manakala faktor dalaman pula ialah kewujudan kumpulan elit Rusia yang berperanan mengambil keputusan penting negara dan keupayaan ketenteraan Rusia yang hebat.
Kata kunci: Rusia, Ukraine, NATO, konflik, operasi khas ketenteraan.
DOI: 10.17576/sinergi.0302.2023.05
Maklumat artikel: Tarikh penghantaran: 15 Februari 2023; Tarikh penerimaan: 24 Julai 2023; Tarikh penerbitan: 31 Disember 2023.
Penghargaan dan pengisytiharan: Para penulis ingin merakamnkan rasa terima kasih mereka kepada pengulas tanpa nama SINERGI dan maklum balas membina mereka dalam meningkatkan kualiti manuskrip. Pengarang juga amat berterima kasih atas komen mereka pada versi awal draf. Tiada potensi konflik kepentingan dilaporkan.
Abstract: After the end of the Cold War and the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991, Ukraine and Russia established good cooperation in various aspects despite some shifts in domestic issues. Ukraine adopted a policy of neutrality in its administration because it needed cooperation from various parties, including Russia and the West. However, everything changed when Ukraine expressed its desire to join NATO in 2008. This desire was welcomed by NATO but opposed by Russia, leading to an ongoing conflict with Ukraine, including the annexation of Crimea and the occupation of Donbas. This study aims to explain the development of the conflict between Russia and Ukraine and identify the triggering factors between the two countries. The library method was used to gather secondary information from books, journals, reports, newspapers, and credible Internet sources. The study found that Russia's attack on Ukraine was driven by the need to ensure its survival and sovereignty against major powers such as the US and NATO, which were increasingly approaching the Eastern Europe region. The study also found two factors that triggered the conflict between Russia and Ukraine, namely internal and external factors. External factors such as the expansion of power and influence of the United States, the European Union, and NATO approaching Russia's borders, as well as Russia's geo-economic power beyond its borders, played a role in triggering the conflict. Meanwhile, internal factors include the presence of Russian elite groups that play a role in making important state decisions and Russia's formidable military capabilities.
Keywords:Russia, Ukraine, NATO, conflict, special military operation
DOI: 10.17576/sinergi.0302.2023.05
Article information:Tarikh penghantaran: 15 February 2023; Tarikh penerimaan: 24 Julai 2023; Tarikh penerbitan: 31 Disember 2023.
Declaration and acknowledgement: The authors would like to show their gratitude to SINERGI’s anonymous reviewers and their constructive feedback in improving the quality of the manuscript. Authors are also immensely grateful for their comments on earlier versions of the draft. No potential conflict of interest was reported.
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