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COPYRIGHT. The SINERGI: Journal of Strategic Studies & International Affairs uses a CC BY license. By submitting a manuscript to SINERGI, you agree that your work has not been published before except as part of a thesis report or abstract. Additionally, it must not be under consideration for publication elsewhere, and all co-authors must have approved its publication. If you choose to republish your work, please acknowledge that it was initially published in SINERGI. The editors will ensure the journal content is digitally preserved and accessible through the online Journal Depository and other third-party Archives (MyJournal and EuroPub).

DISCLAIMER. Although SPHEA, FSSH UKM and MAFDC MINDEF are the co-publishers of SINERGI: Journal of Strategic Studies & International Affairs, the views expressed in the journal are solely those of the contributors and do not represent the official stance of UKM and MAFDC. UKM and MAFDC are not accountable for the accuracy of any published article. The publisher and co-publishers, as well as the editors, disclaim any responsibility for any injury or damage to persons or property, whether resulting from negligence or otherwise, arising from any actual or alleged defamatory statements, infringement of intellectual property or privacy rights, or product liability, or from any use or operation of any ideas, instructions, procedures, products, or methods contained in the material published in the journal.