Information on Citation Style and Referencing Format

The reference style should consistently be adopted throughout the manuscript. Citation in-text should be denoted by providing the surname(s)/last name of the author(s) with the year of publication (parenthetical/ in-text citation format). The Author-Date system is to be followed based on the UKM Style (Gaya UKM) or the latest edition (17th edition) of the Chicago Manual Style (The University of Chicago Press). To download the manuscript template, click here and mini guide of the Chicago Manual Style.

To add more notes and additional information, please use endnotes, not footnotes. If endnotes are not used, provide a list of references (according to the Chicago Manual Style) for all cited secondary published sources in your manuscript. All endnotes are listed in Arabic numerical forms (egg, 1,2, 3).

The manuscript must adhere to the reference guidelines in Penulisan Rencana Ilmiah by UKM Press, OR Chicago Manual Style. All cited references in the manuscript must appear in the list of references. An alphabetically ordered list of references should be included at the end of the manuscript.

The Chicago Manual of Style (17th Edition) or Gaya UKM (UKM Style) of the Author-date system is to be followed. If endnotes are not used, provide a reference list entry (in alphabetical order, according to the Chicago Manual Style). Some of the commonly cited examples:

 In-text citations:

(Idris, Othman, and Hj Ramli 2011) or Idris, Othman, and Hj Ramli (2011)

(Mat and Othman 2014, 39) or Mat and Othman (2014, 39)

(Md. Khalid 2011, 432) or Md. Khalid (2011, 432)

(Sule et al. 2022) or Sule et al. (2022)

 

Reference list entries:

Idris, Nor Azizan., Zarina Othman, and Rashila Hj Ramli. 2011. “Konstruktivisme Sosial dan Hubungan Antarabangsa Malaysia [Social Constructivism and Malaysia’s international relations].” Akademika: Journal of Southeast Asia Social Sciences and Humanities 81, no. 1: 39-50.

Mat, Bakri, and Zarina Othman. 2014. "Regional Cooperation in Addressing Food Security Issues in Southeast Asia: Malaysia's Perspectives." Geografia: Malaysian Journal of Society and Space 10, no. 6: 37-47.

Md. Khalid, Khadijah. 2011. "Malaysia's Foreign Policy under Najib: A Comparison with Mahathir." Asian Survey 51, no. 3: 429-452.

Sule, Babayo, Usman Sambo, Bakri Mat, Mohd Azizuddin Mohd Sani, and Muhammad Aminu Yahaya. 2022. "Issues and Regulations in Party Financing and Electoral Expenses in Nigeria." Journal of Contemporary African Studies (Latest article), https://doi.org/10.1080/02589001.2022.2031917

Include the author's first and last name (surname), Title of the Book (Placed of publication, Year of Publication), and the page number.

In-text citations:

(Acharya 2010, 15) or Acharya (2010, 15)

(Saravanamuttu 2010) or Saravanamuttu (2010)

 

Reference list entries:

 Acharya, Amitav. 2014. Constructing a Security Community in Southeast Asia: ASEAN and the Problem of Regional Order. London: Routledge.

Saravanamuttu, Johan. 2010. Malaysia's Foreign Policy, the First Fifty Years. Singapore: ISEAS Publishing.

Use the book's full title and subtitle.

In-text citations:

(Permal 2021, 38) or Permal (2021, 38)

(Raphael and Blakeley 2016) or Raphael and Blakeley (2016)

 

Reference list entries:

Permal, Sumathy. 2021. "Malaysia's Maritime Realm: The Geopolitics Imperatives." In Malaysia: A Maritime Nation, edited by Ruhanas Harun, and Sabirin Ja’afar, 37-60. Kuala Lumpur: Maritime Institute of Malaysia (MIM).

Raphael, Sam., and Ruth Blakeley. 2016. "Rendition in the War on Terror." In Routledge Handbook of Critical Terrorism Studies, edited by Richard Jackson, 181-189. London: Routledge.

In-text citation:

Three (3) names - (Baylis, Wirtz, and Johnson 2022) or Baylis, Wirtz, and Johnson (2022)

More than three (3) names – (Gomez et al. 2020) or Gomez et al. (2020)

 

Reference list entry:

Baylis, John, James J. Wirtz, and Jeanie L. Johnson, eds. 2022. Strategy in the Contemporary World (7th edition). Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Gomez, Edmund Terrence., Siew Yean Tham, Ran Li, and Kee Cheok Cheong, eds. 2020. China in Malaysia: State-Business Relations and the New World of Investment Flows. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.

In-text citation:

(Alatas 2021, 9) or Alatas (2021, 9)

 

Reference list entry:

Alatas, Syed Hussein. 2021. Islam and Socialism (republished edition), translated by Sharifah Afra Alatas. Kuala Lumpur: MPH Publishing

In-text citation:

(Mohamed Noor 2017) or Mohamed Noor (2017)

(Saidin 2018, 76) or Saidin (2018, 76)

 

Reference list entry:

Mohamed Noor, Muhamad Nadzri. 2017. "Class and Politics in Malaysian and Singaporean Nation Building." PhD thesis, Flinders University, Australia.

Saidin, Mohd Irwan Syazli Bin. 2018. "Between Revolution and Political Stability" The Perceptions and Influences of the Arab Uprisings among the Islamist Movements in Malaysia." PhD thesis, University of Exeter, UK.

In-text citation:

(King 1965, 179) or King (1965, 179)

 

Reference list entry:

King, Seth. 1965. "Malaysia Crisis Reflects Broader Asian Power Struggle." New York Times, January 10, 1965, 179.

In-text citation:

(Segran 2013) or Segran (2013)

(Weiss, 2015) or Weiss (2015)

 

Reference list entry:

Segran, Elizabeth. 2013. "Malaysian Malaise." Foreign Affairs. Accessed October 10, 2013. https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/malaysia/2013-10-10/malaysian-malaise 

Weiss, Meredith. 2015. "Interview with Meredith Weiss on Money, Media, Machinery..and Again, Mahathir." Filmed February 10, 2018 at New York (NY) Southeast Asia Network, NY City, MA. Video, 5:36. https://nysean.org/blog/2019/2/22/interview-with-meredith-weiss-on-money-media-machineryand-again-mahathir

 

In-text citation:

(Eduardo B [Los Angeles], March 9, 2017, comment on Manjoo 2017)

In-text citation:

(Ostrovsky 2018) or Ostrovsky (2018)

 

Reference list entry:

Alam, Mona (@monaAlam). 2019. "This #UTurn will have very negative impact on our sovereignty, dignity, foreign policy and efforts in multiple international forums including #FATF #Kashmir etc." Twitter, December 22, 2019. https://twitter.com/MonaAlamm/status/1208689201786630144?s=20&t=nX1Uqu0N2ZXQE_kZI4DP1g

In-text citation:

(Mohamad 2018) or Mohamad (2018)

 

Reference list entry:

Mohamad, Mahathir. Interviewed by Zeinab Badawi, BBC Hard Talk, BBC [UK], October 2 2018.

 

Personal communications, including email and text messages and direct messages sent through social media, are usually cited in the text-only; they are rarely included in a reference list.

In-text citation:

(Sam Gomez, Online interview via Skype with author, August 6, 2021)

Do not use op for reused citations immediately after the first full citation. cit.; instead, use the author's name and a short form of the title in the following format:

In-text citation:

(Khalid 2017, 6) or Khalid (2017, 6)

 

Reference list entry:

Khalid, Kartini Aboo Talib@. 2017. Dasar Pandang Ke Timur: Pencapaian, Adaptasi dan Cabaran [Look East Policy: Achievements, Adaptations and Challenges]. Bangi: Penerbit UKM.