From Violent Victims to Emancipatory Agency of Peace: Exploring Female Jirga as Local Gendered Peace Formation and Community Peacebuilding in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
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Abstract: For years, the insecurity and violence against women in many parts of Pakistan have magnified the danger of the prevalent worldview of strong and protective men. In contrast, women are weak and protected by men. Inevitable victimisation and powerless women are counterproductive since women are central to the community's household institution. This paper explores local community peacebuilding initiatives of women's first Jirga by a local activist Tabassum Adnan in Pakistan's Province of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. Exploring women's Jirga as an agency of regional and gendered peace formation in a salient patriarchal Pakhtun worldview underscores women's security and gendered Peace perspective in recognising the need to consider the missing systemic and unpeaceful change and transformation in contemporary Pakistan and South Asia. Adopting qualitative methods of Feminist Peace research unravels the potential and pitfalls of how women can embark upon alternative dispute resolutions (ADR) when patriarchal conceptualisations of conflict resolution prevent their active participation. Findings show multidimensional links between local community peace and global systemic and peaceful transformation of international relations (IR). Recognising the transformative roles of women in overcoming GBV is a critical transnational shift from the past and minimal human rights protection of women to the present and maximal recognition of women as emancipatory agents of peace.
Keywords: first’s female Jirga dan Tabassum Adnan, peace formation and peacebuilding in Kyber Pakhtunkhwa, gender peace, CEDAW and UN Resolution 1325, contemporary dynamics of peace and conflict in Pakistan and South Asia
DOI: 10.17576/sinergi.0202.2022.03
Article information: Submission date: 5 August 2021; Acceptance date: 13 February 2022; Publication date: 31 December 2022.
Declaration and acknowledgement: The Author would like to show their gratitude to SINERGI's anonymous reviewers and their constructive feedback in improving the quality of the manuscript. The author is also immensely grateful for their comments on earlier versions of the draft. No potential conflict of interest has been reported. This research received no specific grant from any funding agency in public, commercial or not-for-profit sectors. The authors remain indebted to all support and confidential interviews during the fieldwork.
Abstrak: Bertahun-tahun, ketidakselamatan dan keganasan wanita di beberapa bahagian Pakistan meningkatkan bahaya pandangan lazim bahawa lelaki itu kuat dan menjadi pelindung. Wanita pula adalah lemah dan hanya boleh dilindungi oleh lelaki. Penganiayaan yang berlaku dan wanita yang tidak berkuasa adalah tidak produktif kerana wanita adalah pusat kepada institusi rumah tangga masyarakat. Kertas kerja ini meneroka inisiatif pembinaan keamanan komuniti tempatan Jirga wanita pertama oleh aktivis tempatan Tabassum Adnan di Wilayah Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. Menerokai Jirga wanita sebagai satu agensi keamanan tempatan dan pembinaan keamanan berasaskan gender dalam pandangan dunia patriaki Pakhtun yang menonjol, telah menegaskan perspektif keselamatan wanita dan perspektif keamanan gender dalam menyedari untuk mempertimbangkan perubahan dan transformasi sistemik yang tiada di Pakistan dan Asia Selatan kontemporari. Menggunapakai metod kualitatif penyelidikan Keamanan Feminisme membongkar potensi dan keterbatasan bagaimana seorang wanita boleh mengendalikan penyelesaian pertikaian alternatif (ADR) ketika konsep partiaki mengenai penyelesaian konflik mengekang partisipati aktif mereka. Penemuan menunjukkan hubungan multidimensi antara keamanan komuniti setempat dan transformasi sistemik dan keamanan dalam hubungan antarabangsa. Mengiktiraf peranan transformasi wanita bagi menangani keganasan berasaskan gender (GBV) adalah titik perubahan transnasional kritikal daripada perlindungan hak asasi manusia secara minima pada masa lalu kepada pengiktirafan maksima wanita semasa selaku ejen emansipasi keamanan.
Kata kunci: Jirga wanita pertama dan Tabassum Adnan, formasi dan pembinaan kemanan, penjagaan keamaanan di wilayah Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, keamanan gender, CEDAW dan Resolusi 1325, dinamika kontemporari keamanan dan konflik di Pakistan, Asia Selatan CEDAW and UN Resolution 1325, dinamika keamanan dna konflik kontemporari di Pakistan dan Asia Selatan.
DOI: 10.17576/sinergi.0202.2022.03
Maklumat artikel: Tarikh Penghantaran: 5 Ogos 2021; Tarikh penerimaan: 13 Februari 2022; Tarikh penerbitan: 31 Disember 2022.
Penghargaan dan pengisytiharan: Penulis ingin merakamkan ucapan terima kasih kepada Pewasit bebas tanpa nama SINERGI dan maklum balas membina mereka dalam meningkatkan kualiti manuskrip. Penulis juga amat berterima kasih atas komen mereka pada versi awal draf. Tiada potensi konflik kepentingan dilaporkan. Penyelidikan ini tidak menerima geran khusus daripada mana-mana agensi pembiayaan dalam sektor awam, komersial atau bukan untuk keuntungan. Penulis tetap terhutang budi kepada semua sokongan dan temu bual sulit semasa kerja lapangan.
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