SINERGI: Journal of Strategic Studies and International Affairs, published through the joint efforts of the Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities of the Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM) and the Malaysian Armed Forces Defence College (MAFDC). Thus, the word SINERGI refers to the results of cooperative interaction between these two higher education institutions and reflects what we believe to be the primary need of our world's politics today—namely, for state and non-state actors to work together for a better world. SINERGI seeks to bring together scholars, researchers, military policymakers and students' views. After all, empirical studies are critical to connecting our understanding of the more abstract peace and security to the very concrete policy happening every day in the real world